Which radar band is least affected by atmospheric attenuation?

The L-band is indeed the radar band that is least affected by atmospheric attenuation. This is primarily due to its longer wavelengths, which provide greater resistance to absorption and scattering in the atmosphere, especially in conditions with high humidity or precipitation.

As radar signals pass through the atmosphere, shorter wavelengths are more susceptible to factors like rain, fog, and other forms of atmospheric moisture, leading to greater attenuation. In contrast, the L-band's lower frequency means that its signals can penetrate through precipitation more effectively, resulting in improved performance during adverse weather conditions.

Understanding the characteristics of different radar bands is crucial for meteorologists, as the choice of band can significantly affect the accuracy and reliability of radar observations, particularly when monitoring severe weather phenomena. In this regard, L-band radar is preferred for applications where long-range and reliable detection is essential.