What two characteristics of the antenna system are addressed by the radar's gain?

The choice pertaining to directivity and losses due to inefficiencies accurately captures the essence of what radar gain represents in an antenna system.

Radar gain is fundamentally a measure of how effectively an antenna converts input power into radio waves in a specific direction, which pertains to its directivity. Directivity defines the capacity of the antenna to focus energy in a particular direction compared to an isotropic radiator that distributes energy equally in all directions. A higher directivity implies that more energy is transmitted in the desired direction and less in unintended directions, which increases the radar's ability to detect targets.

Additionally, losses due to inefficiencies relate to various factors inherent in the system, such as resistance or imperfections in the antenna materials that could hinder the transmission and reception of signals. These losses are critical in evaluating the overall effectiveness of the radar system, as they can significantly impact the signal quality and range.

In summary, by addressing both directivity and losses, gain directly influences the performance of radar systems, making this choice the correct answer for understanding how the antenna system operates in the context of radar meteorology.