What is a typical return for Bragg scattering in the S-band?

In radar meteorology, Bragg scattering refers to the scattering of radar waves from a distributed medium, such as turbulence or variations in refractive index caused by atmospheric conditions. The S-band radar operates at frequencies typically around 2-4 GHz, making it effective for detecting larger precipitation particles, but it also encounters Bragg scattering, which is a result of smaller-scale atmospheric inhomogeneities.

A typical return signal from Bragg scattering in the S-band is around 2 dBz. This return is derived from the backscatter generated by small-scale turbulence in the atmosphere. The value being relatively low, at around 2 dBz, indicates that Bragg scattering yields a weaker signal compared to returns from larger precipitation particles.

This value is critical as it provides a baseline for understanding what to expect from returns due to scattering mechanisms that do not involve significant hydrometeor loading. Returns significantly lower than this might indicate a lack of significant scattering signatures, while much higher returns usually suggest the presence of larger particles or higher concentrations of hydrometeors.

By focusing on this typical return value, radar operators can better interpret radar data, enhancing their ability to distinguish between different atmospheric phenomena and ensuring accurate weather assessments.